| 防 | fáng | to protect; to defend; to guard (against) |
| 患 | huàn | to suffer (from illness); to contract (a disease); misfortune; trouble; danger; worry |
| 于 | yú | in; at; to; from; by; than; out of; surname Yu; to go; to take; sentence-final interrogative particlesurname Yu |
| 未 | wèi | not yet; did not; have not; not; 8th earthly branch: 1-3 p.m., 6th solar month (7th July-6th August), year of the Sheep |
| 然 | rán | correct; right; so; thus; like this; -ly |
| 防患 | fáng huàn | preventative measures; to guard against accident or disaster |
| 未然 | wèi rán | in advance; before it happens (cf preventative measures); forestalling |
