| 不 | bù | (negative prefix); not; no |
| 得 | dé | to obtain; to get; to gain; to catch (a disease); proper; suitable; proud; contented; to allow; to permit; ready; finished |
| 得 | de | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc |
| 得 | děi | to have to; must; ought to; to need to |
| 已 | yǐ | already; to stop; then; afterwards |
| 而 | ér | and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast) |
| 为 | wéi | s (i.e. in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; as (in the capacity of) |
| 为 | wèi | or; to; because of; for |
| 之 | zhī | (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的); him; her; it |
| 不得已 | bù dé yǐ | act against one's will; have no alternative but to; have to; to have no choice; must |
